/*
 *
 * MariaDB Client for Java
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Monty Program Ab.
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2020 MariaDB Corporation Ab.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
 * Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)
 * any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along
 * with this library; if not, write to Monty Program Ab info@montyprogram.com.
 *
 * This particular MariaDB Client for Java file is work
 * derived from a Drizzle-JDBC. Drizzle-JDBC file which is covered by subject to
 * the following copyright and notice provisions:
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009-2011, Marcus Eriksson
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list
 * of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this
 * list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
 * other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * Neither the name of the driver nor the names of its contributors may not be
 * used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
 * prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS  AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
 * INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
 * WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
 * OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */

package org.mariadb.jdbc;

import java.net.SocketException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.logging.Logger;
import org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.logging.LoggerFactory;
import org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.protocol.Protocol;
import org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.CallableStatementCache;
import org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.ConnectionState;
import org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.Utils;
import org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.dao.CallableStatementCacheKey;
import org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.dao.CloneableCallableStatement;
import org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.exceptions.ExceptionFactory;
import org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.pool.GlobalStateInfo;
import org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.pool.Pools;
import org.mariadb.jdbc.util.Options;

@SuppressWarnings("Annotator")
public class MariaDbConnection implements Connection {

  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MariaDbConnection.class);

  /**
   * Pattern to check the correctness of callable statement query string Legal queries, as
   * documented in JDK have the form: {[?=]call[(arg1,..,,argn)]}
   */
  private static final Pattern CALLABLE_STATEMENT_PATTERN =
      Pattern.compile(
          "^(\\s*\\{)?\\s*((\\?\\s*=)?(\\s*\\/\\*([^\\*]|\\*[^\\/])*\\*\\/)*\\s*"
              + "call(\\s*\\/\\*([^\\*]|\\*[^\\/])*\\*\\/)*\\s*((((`[^`]+`)|([^`\\}]+))\\.)?"
              + "((`[^`]+`)|([^`\\}\\(]+)))\\s*(\\(.*\\))?(\\s*\\/\\*([^\\*]|\\*[^\\/])*\\*\\/)*"
              + "\\s*(#.*)?)\\s*(\\}\\s*)?$",
          Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.DOTALL);
  /** Check that query can be executed with PREPARE. */
  private static final Pattern PREPARABLE_STATEMENT_PATTERN =
      Pattern.compile(
          "^(\\s*\\/\\*([^\\*]|\\*[^\\/])*\\*\\/)*\\s*(SELECT|UPDATE|INSERT|DELETE|REPLACE|DO|CALL)",
          Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);

  public final ReentrantLock lock;
  /** the protocol to communicate with. */
  private final Protocol protocol;
  /** the properties for the client. */
  private final Options options;

  public MariaDbPooledConnection pooledConnection;
  protected boolean nullCatalogMeansCurrent;
  private CallableStatementCache callableStatementCache;
  private volatile int lowercaseTableNames = -1;
  private boolean canUseServerTimeout;
  private boolean sessionStateAware;
  private int stateFlag = 0;
  private int defaultTransactionIsolation = 0;
  private ExceptionFactory exceptionFactory;

  private boolean warningsCleared;

  /**
   * Creates a new connection with a given protocol and query factory.
   *
   * @param protocol the protocol to use.
   */
  public MariaDbConnection(Protocol protocol) {
    this.protocol = protocol;
    options = protocol.getOptions();
    canUseServerTimeout = protocol.versionGreaterOrEqual(10, 1, 2);
    sessionStateAware = protocol.sessionStateAware();
    nullCatalogMeansCurrent = options.nullCatalogMeansCurrent;
    if (options.cacheCallableStmts) {
      callableStatementCache = CallableStatementCache.newInstance(options.callableStmtCacheSize);
    }
    this.lock = protocol.getLock();
    this.exceptionFactory = ExceptionFactory.of(this.getServerThreadId(), this.options);
  }

  /**
   * Create new connection Object.
   *
   * @param urlParser parser
   * @param globalInfo global info
   * @return connection object
   * @throws SQLException if any connection error occur
   */
  public static MariaDbConnection newConnection(UrlParser urlParser, GlobalStateInfo globalInfo)
      throws SQLException {
    if (urlParser.getOptions().pool) {
      return Pools.retrievePool(urlParser).getConnection();
    }

    Protocol protocol = Utils.retrieveProxy(urlParser, globalInfo);
    return new MariaDbConnection(protocol);
  }

  public static String quoteIdentifier(String string) {
    return "`" + string.replaceAll("`", "``") + "`";
  }

  /**
   * UnQuote string.
   *
   * @param string value
   * @return unquote string
   * @deprecated since 1.3.0
   */
  @Deprecated
  public static String unquoteIdentifier(String string) {
    if (string != null && string.startsWith("`") && string.endsWith("`") && string.length() >= 2) {
      return string.substring(1, string.length() - 1).replace("``", "`");
    }
    return string;
  }

  protected Protocol getProtocol() {
    return protocol;
  }

  /**
   * creates a new statement.
   *
   * @return a statement
   * @throws SQLException if we cannot create the statement.
   */
  public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
    checkConnection();
    return new MariaDbStatement(
        this, ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY, exceptionFactory);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a <code>Statement</code> object that will generate <code>ResultSet</code> objects with
   * the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the <code>createStatement</code>
   * method above, but it allows the default result set type and concurrency to be overridden. The
   * holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling {@link #getHoldability}.
   *
   * @param resultSetType a result set type; one of <code>ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>, <code>
   *     ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
   * @param resultSetConcurrency a concurrency type; one of <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code>
   *     or <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
   * @return a new <code>Statement</code> object that will generate <code>ResultSet</code> objects
   *     with the given type and concurrency
   */
  public Statement createStatement(final int resultSetType, final int resultSetConcurrency) {
    return new MariaDbStatement(this, resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency, exceptionFactory);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a <code>Statement</code> object that will generate <code>ResultSet</code> objects with
   * the given type, concurrency, and holdability. This method is the same as the <code>
   * createStatement</code> method above, but it allows the default result set type, concurrency,
   * and holdability to be overridden.
   *
   * @param resultSetType one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> constants: <code>
   *     ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>, <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or
   *     <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
   * @param resultSetConcurrency one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> constants: <code>
   *     ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code> or <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
   * @param resultSetHoldability one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> constants: <code>
   *     ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT</code> or <code>ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT</code>
   * @return a new <code>Statement</code> object that will generate <code>ResultSet</code> objects
   *     with the given type, concurrency, and holdability
   * @see ResultSet
   */
  public Statement createStatement(
      final int resultSetType, final int resultSetConcurrency, final int resultSetHoldability) {
    return new MariaDbStatement(this, resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency, exceptionFactory);
  }

  private void checkConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (protocol.isExplicitClosed()) {
      throw exceptionFactory.create("createStatement() is called on closed connection", "08000");
    }
    if (protocol.isClosed() && protocol.getProxy() != null) {
      lock.lock();
      try {
        protocol.getProxy().reconnect();
      } finally {
        lock.unlock();
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Create a new client prepared statement.
   *
   * @param sql the query.
   * @return a client prepared statement.
   * @throws SQLException if there is a problem preparing the statement.
   */
  public ClientSidePreparedStatement clientPrepareStatement(final String sql) throws SQLException {
    return new ClientSidePreparedStatement(
        this,
        sql,
        ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY,
        ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY,
        Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS,
        exceptionFactory);
  }

  /**
   * Create a new server prepared statement.
   *
   * @param sql the query.
   * @return a server prepared statement.
   * @throws SQLException if there is a problem preparing the statement.
   */
  public ServerSidePreparedStatement serverPrepareStatement(final String sql) throws SQLException {
    return new ServerSidePreparedStatement(
        this,
        sql,
        ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY,
        ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY,
        Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS,
        exceptionFactory);
  }

  /**
   * creates a new prepared statement.
   *
   * @param sql the query.
   * @return a prepared statement.
   * @throws SQLException if there is a problem preparing the statement.
   */
  public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(final String sql) throws SQLException {
    return internalPrepareStatement(
        sql, ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY, Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object that will generate <code>ResultSet</code>
   * objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the <code>
   * prepareStatement</code> method above, but it allows the default result set type and concurrency
   * to be overridden. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling
   * {@link #getHoldability}.
   *
   * @param sql a <code>String</code> object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database;
   *     may contain one or more '?' IN parameters
   * @param resultSetType a result set type; one of <code>ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>, <code>
   *     ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
   * @param resultSetConcurrency a concurrency type; one of <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code>
   *     or <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
   * @return a new PreparedStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement that will
   *     produce <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type and concurrency
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed
   *     connection or the given parameters are not<code>ResultSet</code> constants indicating type
   *     and concurrency
   */
  public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(
      final String sql, final int resultSetType, final int resultSetConcurrency)
      throws SQLException {
    return internalPrepareStatement(
        sql, resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency, Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object that will generate <code>ResultSet</code>
   * objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability.
   *
   * <p>This method is the same as the <code>prepareStatement</code> method above, but it allows the
   * default result set type, concurrency, and holdability to be overridden.
   *
   * @param sql a <code>String</code> object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database;
   *     may contain one or more '?' IN parameters
   * @param resultSetType one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> constants: <code>
   *     ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>, <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or
   *     <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
   * @param resultSetConcurrency one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> constants: <code>
   *     ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code> or <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
   * @param resultSetHoldability one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> constants: <code>
   *     ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT</code> or <code>ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT</code>
   * @return a new <code>PreparedStatement</code> object, containing the pre-compiled SQL statement,
   *     that will generate <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type, concurrency, and
   *     holdability
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed
   *     connection or the given parameters are not <code>ResultSet</code> constants indicating
   *     type, concurrency, and holdability
   * @see ResultSet
   */
  public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(
      final String sql,
      final int resultSetType,
      final int resultSetConcurrency,
      final int resultSetHoldability)
      throws SQLException {
    return internalPrepareStatement(
        sql, resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency, Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a default <code>PreparedStatement</code> object that has the capability to retrieve
   * auto-generated keys. The given constant tells the driver whether it should make auto-generated
   * keys available for retrieval. This parameter is ignored if the SQL statement is not an <code>
   * INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of
   * such statements is vendor-specific).
   *
   * <p><B>Note:</B> This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit
   * from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method <code>prepareStatement
   * </code> will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not
   * support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the
   * <code>PreparedStatement</code> object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however,
   * it does affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.
   *
   * <p>Result sets created using the returned <code>PreparedStatement</code> object will by default
   * be type <code>TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code> and have a concurrency level of <code>CONCUR_READ_ONLY
   * </code>. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling {@link
   * #getHoldability}.
   *
   * @param sql an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
   * @param autoGeneratedKeys a flag indicating whether auto-generated keys should be returned; one
   *     of <code>Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS</code> or <code>Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS</code>
   * @return a new <code>PreparedStatement</code> object, containing the pre-compiled SQL statement,
   *     that will have the capability of returning auto-generated keys
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed
   *     connection or the given parameter is not a <code>Statement</code> constant indicating
   *     whether auto-generated keys should be returned
   */
  public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(final String sql, final int autoGeneratedKeys)
      throws SQLException {
    return internalPrepareStatement(
        sql, ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY, autoGeneratedKeys);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a default <code>PreparedStatement</code> object capable of returning the auto-generated
   * keys designated by the given array. This array contains the indexes of the columns in the
   * target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made available. The driver
   * will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL
   * statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
   *
   * <p>An SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be pre-compiled and stored in a <code>
   * PreparedStatement</code> object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this
   * statement multiple times.
   *
   * <p><B>Note:</B> This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit
   * from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method <code>prepareStatement
   * </code> will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not
   * support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the
   * <code>PreparedStatement</code> object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however,
   * it does affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.
   *
   * <p>Result sets created using the returned <code>PreparedStatement</code> object will by default
   * be type <code>TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code> and have a concurrency level of <code>CONCUR_READ_ONLY
   * </code>. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling {@link
   * #getHoldability}.
   *
   * @param sql an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
   * @param columnIndexes an array of column indexes indicating the columns that should be returned
   *     from the inserted row or rows
   * @return a new <code>PreparedStatement</code> object, containing the pre-compiled statement,
   *     that is capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array of
   *     column indexes
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed
   *     connection
   */
  public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(final String sql, final int[] columnIndexes)
      throws SQLException {
    return prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a default <code>PreparedStatement</code> object capable of returning the auto-generated
   * keys designated by the given array. This array contains the names of the columns in the target
   * table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be returned. The driver will ignore the
   * array if the SQL statement is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to
   * return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
   *
   * <p>An SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be pre-compiled and stored in a <code>
   * PreparedStatement</code> object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this
   * statement multiple times.
   *
   * <p><B>Note:</B> This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit
   * from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method <code>prepareStatement
   * </code> will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not
   * support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the
   * <code>PreparedStatement</code> object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however,
   * it does affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.
   *
   * <p>Result sets created using the returned <code>PreparedStatement</code> object will by default
   * be type <code>TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code> and have a concurrency level of <code>CONCUR_READ_ONLY
   * </code>. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling {@link
   * #getHoldability}.
   *
   * @param sql an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
   * @param columnNames an array of column names indicating the columns that should be returned from
   *     the inserted row or rows
   * @return a new <code>PreparedStatement</code> object, containing the pre-compiled statement,
   *     that is capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array of
   *     column names
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed
   *     connection
   */
  public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(final String sql, final String[] columnNames)
      throws SQLException {
    return prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
  }

  /**
   * Send ServerPrepareStatement or ClientPrepareStatement depending on SQL query and options If
   * server side and PREPARE can be delayed, a facade will be return, to have a fallback on client
   * prepareStatement.
   *
   * @param sql sql query
   * @param resultSetScrollType one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> constants: <code>
   *     ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>, <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or
   *     <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
   * @param resultSetConcurrency a concurrency type; one of <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code>
   *     or <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
   * @param autoGeneratedKeys a flag indicating whether auto-generated keys should be returned; one
   *     of <code>Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS</code> or <code>Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS</code>
   * @return PrepareStatement
   * @throws SQLException if a connection error occur during the server preparation.
   */
  private PreparedStatement internalPrepareStatement(
      final String sql,
      final int resultSetScrollType,
      final int resultSetConcurrency,
      final int autoGeneratedKeys)
      throws SQLException {

    if (sql != null) {

      String sqlQuery = Utils.nativeSql(sql, protocol);

      if (options.useServerPrepStmts && PREPARABLE_STATEMENT_PATTERN.matcher(sqlQuery).find()) {
        // prepare isn't delayed -> if prepare fail, fallback to client preparedStatement?
        checkConnection();
        try {
          return new ServerSidePreparedStatement(
              this,
              sqlQuery,
              resultSetScrollType,
              resultSetConcurrency,
              autoGeneratedKeys,
              exceptionFactory);
        } catch (SQLNonTransientConnectionException e) {
          throw e;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
          // on some specific case, server cannot prepared data (CONJ-238)
          // will use clientPreparedStatement
        }
      }
      return new ClientSidePreparedStatement(
          this,
          sqlQuery,
          resultSetScrollType,
          resultSetConcurrency,
          autoGeneratedKeys,
          exceptionFactory);
    } else {
      throw new SQLException("SQL value can not be NULL");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Creates a <code>CallableStatement</code> object for calling database stored procedures. The
   * <code>CallableStatement</code> object provides methods for setting up its IN and OUT
   * parameters, and methods for executing the call to a stored procedure. example : {?= call
   * &lt;procedure-name&gt;[(&lt;arg1&gt;,&lt;arg2&gt;, ...)]} or {call
   * &lt;procedure-name&gt;[(&lt;arg1&gt;,&lt;arg2&gt;, ...)]}
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> This method is optimized for handling stored procedure call statements.
   *
   * @param sql an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' parameter placeholders. Typically
   *     this statement is specified using JDBC call escape syntax.
   * @return a new default <code>CallableStatement</code> object containing the pre-compiled SQL
   *     statement
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed
   *     connection
   */
  public CallableStatement prepareCall(final String sql) throws SQLException {
    return prepareCall(sql, ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a <code>CallableStatement</code> object that will generate <code>ResultSet</code>
   * objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the <code>prepareCall
   * </code> method above, but it allows the default result set type and concurrency to be
   * overridden. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling {@link
   * #getHoldability}.
   *
   * @param sql a <code>String</code> object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database;
   *     may contain on or more '?' parameters
   * @param resultSetType a result set type; one of <code>ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>, <code>
   *     ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
   * @param resultSetConcurrency a concurrency type; one of <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code>
   *     or <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
   * @return a new <code>CallableStatement</code> object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement
   *     that will produce <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type and concurrency
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed
   *     connection or the given parameters are not <code>ResultSet</code> constants indicating type
   *     and concurrency
   */
  public CallableStatement prepareCall(
      final String sql, final int resultSetType, final int resultSetConcurrency)
      throws SQLException {
    checkConnection();

    Matcher matcher = CALLABLE_STATEMENT_PATTERN.matcher(sql);
    if (!matcher.matches()) {
      throw new SQLSyntaxErrorException(
          "invalid callable syntax. must be like {[?=]call <procedure/function name>[(?,?, ...)]}\n but was : "
              + sql);
    }

    String query = Utils.nativeSql(matcher.group(2), protocol);

    boolean isFunction = (matcher.group(3) != null);
    String databaseAndProcedure = matcher.group(8);
    String database = matcher.group(10);
    String procedureName = matcher.group(13);
    String arguments = matcher.group(16);
    if (database == null && sessionStateAware) {
      database = protocol.getDatabase();
    }

    if (database != null && options.cacheCallableStmts) {

      if (callableStatementCache.containsKey(new CallableStatementCacheKey(database, query))) {
        try {
          CallableStatement callableStatement =
              callableStatementCache.get(new CallableStatementCacheKey(database, query));
          if (callableStatement != null) {
            // Clone to avoid side effect like having some open resultSet.
            return ((CloneableCallableStatement) callableStatement).clone(this);
          }
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException cloneNotSupportedException) {
          cloneNotSupportedException.printStackTrace();
        }
      }
      CallableStatement callableStatement =
          createNewCallableStatement(
              query,
              procedureName,
              isFunction,
              databaseAndProcedure,
              database,
              arguments,
              resultSetType,
              resultSetConcurrency,
              exceptionFactory);
      callableStatementCache.put(new CallableStatementCacheKey(database, query), callableStatement);
      return callableStatement;
    }
    return createNewCallableStatement(
        query,
        procedureName,
        isFunction,
        databaseAndProcedure,
        database,
        arguments,
        resultSetType,
        resultSetConcurrency,
        exceptionFactory);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a <code>CallableStatement</code> object that will generate <code>ResultSet</code>
   * objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the <code>prepareCall
   * </code> method above, but it allows the default result set type, result set concurrency type
   * and holdability to be overridden.
   *
   * @param sql a <code>String</code> object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database;
   *     may contain on or more '?' parameters
   * @param resultSetType one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> constants: <code>
   *     ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>, <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or
   *     <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
   * @param resultSetConcurrency one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> constants: <code>
   *     ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code> or <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
   * @param resultSetHoldability one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> constants: <code>
   *     ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT</code> or <code>ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT</code>
   * @return a new <code>CallableStatement</code> object, containing the pre-compiled SQL statement,
   *     that will generate <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type, concurrency, and
   *     holdability
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed
   *     connection or the given parameters are not <code>ResultSet</code> constants indicating
   *     type, concurrency, and holdability
   * @see ResultSet
   */
  public CallableStatement prepareCall(
      final String sql,
      final int resultSetType,
      final int resultSetConcurrency,
      final int resultSetHoldability)
      throws SQLException {
    return prepareCall(sql);
  }

  private CallableStatement createNewCallableStatement(
      String query,
      String procedureName,
      boolean isFunction,
      String databaseAndProcedure,
      String database,
      String arguments,
      int resultSetType,
      final int resultSetConcurrency,
      ExceptionFactory exceptionFactory)
      throws SQLException {
    if (isFunction) {
      return new MariaDbFunctionStatement(
          this,
          database,
          databaseAndProcedure,
          (arguments == null) ? "()" : arguments,
          resultSetType,
          resultSetConcurrency,
          exceptionFactory);
    } else {
      return new MariaDbProcedureStatement(
          query,
          this,
          procedureName,
          database,
          resultSetType,
          resultSetConcurrency,
          exceptionFactory);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public String nativeSQL(final String sql) throws SQLException {
    return Utils.nativeSql(sql, protocol);
  }

  /**
   * returns true if statements on this connection are auto committed.
   *
   * @return true if auto commit is on.
   * @throws SQLException if there is an error
   */
  public boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
    return protocol.getAutocommit();
  }

  /**
   * Sets whether this connection is auto committed.
   *
   * @param autoCommit if it should be auto committed.
   * @throws SQLException if something goes wrong talking to the server.
   */
  public void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException {
    if (autoCommit == getAutoCommit()) {
      return;
    }

    try (Statement stmt = createStatement()) {
      stateFlag |= ConnectionState.STATE_AUTOCOMMIT;
      stmt.executeUpdate("set autocommit=" + ((autoCommit) ? "1" : "0"));
    }
  }

  /**
   * Sends commit to the server.
   *
   * @throws SQLException if there is an error committing.
   */
  public void commit() throws SQLException {
    lock.lock();
    try {
      if (protocol.inTransaction()) {
        try (Statement st = createStatement()) {
          st.execute("COMMIT");
        }
      }
    } finally {
      lock.unlock();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Rolls back a transaction.
   *
   * @throws SQLException if there is an error rolling back.
   */
  public void rollback() throws SQLException {
    lock.lock();
    try {
      if (protocol.inTransaction()) {
        try (Statement st = createStatement()) {
          st.execute("ROLLBACK");
        }
      }
    } finally {
      lock.unlock();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Undoes all changes made after the given <code>Savepoint</code> object was set.
   *
   * <p>This method should be used only when auto-commit has been disabled.
   *
   * @param savepoint the <code>Savepoint</code> object to roll back to
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs, this method is called while
   *     participating in a distributed transaction, this method is called on a closed connection,
   *     the <code>Savepoint</code> object is no longer valid, or this <code>Connection</code>
   *     object is currently in auto-commit mode
   * @see Savepoint
   * @see #rollback
   */
  public void rollback(final Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {
    try (Statement st = createStatement()) {
      st.execute("ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT `" + savepoint.getSavepointName() + "`");
    }
  }

  /**
   * close the connection.
   *
   * @throws SQLException if there is a problem talking to the server.
   */
  public void close() throws SQLException {
    if (pooledConnection != null) {
      rollback();
      pooledConnection.fireConnectionClosed();
      return;
    }
    protocol.closeExplicit();
  }

  /**
   * checks if the connection is closed.
   *
   * @return true if the connection is closed
   */
  public boolean isClosed() {
    return protocol.isClosed();
  }

  /**
   * returns the meta data about the database.
   *
   * @return meta data about the db.
   */
  public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() {
    return new MariaDbDatabaseMetaData(this, protocol.getUrlParser());
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves whether this <code>Connection</code> object is in read-only mode.
   *
   * @return <code>true</code> if this <code>Connection</code> object is read-only; <code>false
   *     </code> otherwise
   * @throws SQLException SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on
   *     a closed connection
   */
  public boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException {
    return protocol.getReadonly();
  }

  /**
   * Sets whether this connection is read only.
   *
   * @param readOnly true if it should be read only.
   * @throws SQLException if there is a problem
   */
  public void setReadOnly(final boolean readOnly) throws SQLException {
    try {
      logger.debug(
          "conn={}({}) - set read-only to value {} {}",
          protocol.getServerThreadId(),
          protocol.isMasterConnection() ? "M" : "S",
          readOnly);
      stateFlag |= ConnectionState.STATE_READ_ONLY;
      protocol.setReadonly(readOnly);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw exceptionFactory.create(e);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves this <code>Connection</code> object's current catalog name.
   *
   * @return the current catalog name or <code>null</code> if there is none
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed
   *     connection
   * @see #setCatalog
   */
  public String getCatalog() throws SQLException {
    return protocol.getCatalog();
  }

  /**
   * Sets the given catalog name in order to select a subspace of this <code>Connection</code>
   * object's database in which to work.
   *
   * <p>If the driver does not support catalogs, it will silently ignore this request. MariaDB
   * treats catalogs and databases as equivalent
   *
   * @param catalog the name of a catalog (subspace in this <code>Connection</code> object's
   *     database) in which to work
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed
   *     connection
   * @see #getCatalog
   */
  public void setCatalog(final String catalog) throws SQLException {
    if (catalog == null) {
      throw new SQLException("The catalog name may not be null", "XAE05");
    }
    try {
      stateFlag |= ConnectionState.STATE_DATABASE;
      protocol.setCatalog(catalog);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw exceptionFactory.create(e);
    }
  }

  public boolean isServerMariaDb() throws SQLException {
    return protocol.isServerMariaDb();
  }

  public boolean versionGreaterOrEqual(int major, int minor, int patch) {
    return protocol.versionGreaterOrEqual(major, minor, patch);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves this <code>Connection</code> object's current transaction isolation level.
   *
   * @return the current transaction isolation level, which will be one of the following constants:
   *     <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED</code>, <code>
   *     Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED</code>, <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
   *     </code>, <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE</code>, or <code>
   *     Connection.TRANSACTION_NONE</code>.
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed
   *     connection
   * @see #setTransactionIsolation
   */
  public int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException {
    Statement stmt = createStatement();
    String sql = "SELECT @@tx_isolation";

    if (!protocol.isServerMariaDb()) {
      if ((protocol.getMajorServerVersion() >= 8 && protocol.versionGreaterOrEqual(8, 0, 3))
          || (protocol.getMajorServerVersion() < 8 && protocol.versionGreaterOrEqual(5, 7, 20))) {
        sql = "SELECT @@transaction_isolation";
      }
    }

    ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
    if (rs.next()) {
      final String response = rs.getString(1);
      switch (response) {
        case "REPEATABLE-READ":
          return Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ;

        case "READ-UNCOMMITTED":
          return Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED;

        case "READ-COMMITTED":
          return Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED;

        case "SERIALIZABLE":
          return Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE;

        default:
          throw exceptionFactory.create(
              String.format(
                  "Could not get transaction isolation level: Invalid value \"%s\"", response));
      }
    }
    throw exceptionFactory.create("Failed to retrieve transaction isolation");
  }

  /**
   * Attempts to change the transaction isolation level for this <code>Connection</code> object to
   * the one given. The constants defined in the interface <code>Connection</code> are the possible
   * transaction isolation levels.
   *
   * <p><B>Note:</B> If this method is called during a transaction, the result is
   * implementation-defined.
   *
   * @param level one of the following <code>Connection</code> constants: <code>
   *     Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED</code>, <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED
   *     </code>, <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ</code>, or <code>
   *     Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE</code>. (Note that <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_NONE
   *     </code> cannot be used because it specifies that transactions are not supported.)
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed
   *     connection or the given parameter is not one of the <code>Connection</code> constants
   * @see DatabaseMetaData#supportsTransactionIsolationLevel
   * @see #getTransactionIsolation
   */
  public void setTransactionIsolation(final int level) throws SQLException {
    try {
      stateFlag |= ConnectionState.STATE_TRANSACTION_ISOLATION;
      protocol.setTransactionIsolation(level);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw exceptionFactory.create(e);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the first warning reported by calls on this <code>Connection</code> object. If there
   * is more than one warning, subsequent warnings will be chained to the first one and can be
   * retrieved by calling the method <code>SQLWarning.getNextWarning</code> on the warning that was
   * retrieved previously.
   *
   * <p>This method may not be called on a closed connection; doing so will cause an <code>
   * SQLException</code> to be thrown.
   *
   * <p><B>Note:</B> Subsequent warnings will be chained to this SQLWarning.
   *
   * @return the first <code>SQLWarning</code> object or <code>null</code> if there are none
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed
   *     connection
   * @see SQLWarning
   */
  public SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException {
    if (warningsCleared || isClosed() || !protocol.hasWarnings()) {
      return null;
    }

    SQLWarning last = null;
    SQLWarning first = null;

    try (Statement st = this.createStatement()) {
      try (ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("show warnings")) {
        // returned result set has 'level', 'code' and 'message' columns, in this order.
        while (rs.next()) {
          int code = rs.getInt(2);
          String message = rs.getString(3);
          SQLWarning warning = new SQLWarning(message, null, code);
          if (first == null) {
            first = warning;
            last = warning;
          } else {
            last.setNextWarning(warning);
            last = warning;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return first;
  }

  /**
   * Clears all warnings reported for this <code>Connection</code> object. After a call to this
   * method, the method <code>getWarnings</code> returns <code>null</code> until a new warning is
   * reported for this <code>Connection</code> object.
   *
   * @throws SQLException SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on
   *     a closed connection
   */
  public void clearWarnings() throws SQLException {
    if (this.isClosed()) {
      throw exceptionFactory.create(
          "Connection.clearWarnings cannot be called on a closed connection");
    }
    warningsCleared = true;
  }

  /** Re-enable warnings, when next statement is executed. */
  public void reenableWarnings() {
    warningsCleared = false;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the <code>Map</code> object associated with this <code>Connection</code> object.
   * Unless the application has added an entry, the type map returned will be empty.
   *
   * @return the <code>java.util.Map</code> object associated with this <code>Connection</code>
   *     object
   * @see #setTypeMap
   * @since 1.2
   */
  public Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeMap() {
    return new HashMap<>();
  }

  /**
   * Installs the given <code>TypeMap</code> object as the type map for this <code>Connection</code>
   * object. The type map will be used for the custom mapping of SQL structured types and distinct
   * types.
   *
   * @param map the <code>java.util.Map</code> object to install as the replacement for this <code>
   *     Connection</code> object's default type map
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed
   *     connection or the given parameter is not a <code>java.util.Map</code> object
   * @see #getTypeMap
   */
  public void setTypeMap(final Map<String, Class<?>> map) throws SQLException {
    throw exceptionFactory.notSupported("TypeMap are not supported");
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the current holdability of <code>ResultSet</code> objects created using this <code>
   * Connection</code> object.
   *
   * @return the holdability, one of <code>ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT</code> or <code>
   *     ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT</code>
   * @see #setHoldability
   * @see DatabaseMetaData#getResultSetHoldability
   * @see ResultSet
   * @since 1.4
   */
  public int getHoldability() {
    return ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT;
  }

  /**
   * Changes the default holdability of <code>ResultSet</code> objects created using this <code>
   * Connection</code> object to the given holdability. The default holdability of <code>ResultSet
   * </code> objects can be be determined by invoking {@link
   * DatabaseMetaData#getResultSetHoldability}.
   *
   * @param holdability a <code>ResultSet</code> holdability constant; one of <code>
   *     ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT</code> or <code>ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT</code>
   * @see #getHoldability
   * @see DatabaseMetaData#getResultSetHoldability
   * @see ResultSet
   */
  @Override
  public void setHoldability(final int holdability) {
    // not handled
  }

  /**
   * Creates an unnamed savepoint in the current transaction and returns the new <code>Savepoint
   *    * </code> object that represents it.
   *
   * <p>if setSavepoint is invoked outside of an active transaction, a transaction will be started
   * at this newly created savepoint.
   *
   * @return the new <code>Savepoint</code> object
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs, this method is called while
   *     participating in a distributed transaction, this method is called on a closed connection or
   *     this <code>Connection</code> object is currently in auto-commit mode
   * @see Savepoint
   * @since 1.4
   */
  public Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException {
    String randomName = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    return setSavepoint(randomName);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a savepoint with the given name in the current transaction and returns the new <code>
   * Savepoint</code> object that represents it. if setSavepoint is invoked outside of an active
   * transaction, a transaction will be started at this newly created savepoint.
   *
   * @param name a <code>String</code> containing the name of the savepoint
   * @return the new <code>Savepoint</code> object
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs, this method is called while
   *     participating in a distributed transaction, this method is called on a closed connection or
   *     this <code>Connection</code> object is currently in auto-commit mode
   * @see Savepoint
   * @since 1.4
   */
  public Savepoint setSavepoint(final String name) throws SQLException {
    Savepoint savepoint = new MariaDbSavepoint(name);
    try (Statement st = createStatement()) {
      st.execute("SAVEPOINT `" + savepoint.getSavepointName() + "`");
    }
    return savepoint;
  }

  /**
   * Removes the specified <code>Savepoint</code> and subsequent <code>Savepoint</code> objects from
   * the current transaction. Any reference to the savepoint after it have been removed will cause
   * an <code>SQLException</code> to be thrown.
   *
   * @param savepoint the <code>Savepoint</code> object to be removed
   * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed
   *     connection or the given <code>Savepoint</code> object is not a valid savepoint in the
   *     current transaction
   */
  public void releaseSavepoint(final Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {
    try (Statement st = createStatement()) {
      st.execute("RELEASE SAVEPOINT `" + savepoint.getSavepointName() + "`");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Constructs an object that implements the <code>Clob</code> interface. The object returned
   * initially contains no data. The <code>setAsciiStream</code>, <code>setCharacterStream</code>
   * and <code>setString</code> methods of the <code>Clob</code> interface may be used to add data
   * to the <code>Clob</code>.
   *
   * @return An object that implements the <code>Clob</code> interface
   */
  public Clob createClob() {
    return new MariaDbClob();
  }

  /**
   * Constructs an object that implements the <code>Blob</code> interface. The object returned
   * initially contains no data. The <code>setBinaryStream</code> and <code>setBytes</code> methods
   * of the <code>Blob</code> interface may be used to add data to the <code>Blob</code>.
   *
   * @return An object that implements the <code>Blob</code> interface
   */
  public Blob createBlob() {
    return new MariaDbBlob();
  }

  /**
   * Constructs an object that implements the <code>NClob</code> interface. The object returned
   * initially contains no data. The <code>setAsciiStream</code>, <code>setCharacterStream</code>
   * and <code>setString</code> methods of the <code>NClob</code> interface may be used to add data
   * to the <code>NClob</code>.
   *
   * @return An object that implements the <code>NClob</code> interface
   */
  public NClob createNClob() {
    return new MariaDbClob();
  }

  /**
   * Constructs an object that implements the <code>SQLXML</code> interface. The object returned
   * initially contains no data. The <code>createXmlStreamWriter</code> object and <code>setString
   * </code> method of the <code>SQLXML</code> interface may be used to add data to the <code>SQLXML
   * </code> object.
   *
   * @return An object that implements the <code>SQLXML</code> interface
   * @throws SQLException if an object that implements the <code>SQLXML</code> interface can not be
   *     constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error
   *     occurs.
   */
  @Override
  public SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException {
    throw exceptionFactory.notSupported("SQLXML type is not supported");
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the connection has not been closed and is still valid. The driver shall submit
   * a query on the connection or use some other mechanism that positively verifies the connection
   * is still valid when this method is called.
   *
   * <p>The query submitted by the driver to validate the connection shall be executed in the
   * context of the current transaction.
   *
   * @param timeout - The time in seconds to wait for the database operation used to validate the
   *     connection to complete. If the timeout period expires before the operation completes, this
   *     method returns false. A value of 0 indicates a timeout is not applied to the database
   *     operation.
   * @return true if the connection is valid, false otherwise
   * @throws SQLException if the value supplied for <code>timeout</code> is less then 0
   * @see DatabaseMetaData#getClientInfoProperties
   * @since 1.6
   */
  public boolean isValid(final int timeout) throws SQLException {
    if (timeout < 0) {
      throw new SQLException("the value supplied for timeout is negative");
    }
    if (isClosed()) {
      return false;
    }

    try {
      return protocol.isValid(timeout * 1000);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      // eat
      return false;
    }
  }

  private void checkClientClose(final String name) throws SQLClientInfoException {
    if (protocol.isExplicitClosed()) {
      Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> failures = new HashMap<>();
      failures.put(name, ClientInfoStatus.REASON_UNKNOWN);
      throw new SQLClientInfoException("setClientInfo() is called on closed connection", failures);
    }
  }

  private void checkClientReconnect(final String name) throws SQLClientInfoException {
    if (protocol.isClosed() && protocol.getProxy() != null) {
      lock.lock();
      try {
        protocol.getProxy().reconnect();
      } catch (SQLException sqle) {
        Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> failures = new HashMap<>();
        failures.put(name, ClientInfoStatus.REASON_UNKNOWN);
        throw new SQLClientInfoException("Connection closed", failures, sqle);
      } finally {
        lock.unlock();
      }
    }
  }

  private void checkClientValidProperty(final String name) throws SQLClientInfoException {
    if (name == null
        || (!"ApplicationName".equals(name)
            && !"ClientUser".equals(name)
            && !"ClientHostname".equals(name))) {
      Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> failures = new HashMap<>();
      failures.put(name, ClientInfoStatus.REASON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTY);
      throw new SQLClientInfoException(
          "setClientInfo() parameters can only be \"ApplicationName\",\"ClientUser\" or \"ClientHostname\", "
              + "but was : "
              + name,
          failures);
    }
  }

  private String buildClientQuery(final String name, final String value) {
    StringBuilder escapeQuery = new StringBuilder("SET @").append(name).append("=");
    if (value == null) {
      escapeQuery.append("null");
    } else {
      escapeQuery.append("'");
      int charsOffset = 0;
      int charsLength = value.length();
      char charValue;
      if (protocol.noBackslashEscapes()) {
        while (charsOffset < charsLength) {
          charValue = value.charAt(charsOffset);
          if (charValue == '\'') {
            escapeQuery.append('\''); // add a single escape quote
          }
          escapeQuery.append(charValue);
          charsOffset++;
        }
      } else {
        while (charsOffset < charsLength) {
          charValue = value.charAt(charsOffset);
          if (charValue == '\'' || charValue == '\\' || charValue == '"' || charValue == 0) {
            escapeQuery.append('\\'); // add escape slash
          }
          escapeQuery.append(charValue);
          charsOffset++;
        }
      }
      escapeQuery.append("'");
    }
    return escapeQuery.toString();
  }

  /**
   * Sets the value of the client info property specified by name to the value specified by value.
   *
   * <p>Applications may use the <code>DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties</code> method to
   * determine the client info properties supported by the driver and the maximum length that may be
   * specified for each property.
   *
   * <p>The driver stores the value specified in a suitable location in the database. For example in
   * a special register, session parameter, or system table column. For efficiency the driver may
   * defer setting the value in the database until the next time a statement is executed or
   * prepared. Other than storing the client information in the appropriate place in the database,
   * these methods shall not alter the behavior of the connection in anyway. The values supplied to
   * these methods are used for accounting, diagnostics and debugging purposes only.
   *
   * <p>The driver shall generate a warning if the client info name specified is not recognized by
   * the driver.
   *
   * <p>If the value specified to this method is greater than the maximum length for the property
   * the driver may either truncate the value and generate a warning or generate a <code>
   * SQLClientInfoException</code>. If the driver generates a <code>SQLClientInfoException</code>,
   * the value specified was not set on the connection.
   *
   * <p>The following are standard client info properties. Drivers are not required to support these
   * properties however if the driver supports a client info property that can be described by one
   * of the standard properties, the standard property name should be used.
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>ApplicationName - The name of the application currently utilizing the connection
   *   <li>ClientUser - The name of the user that the application using the connection is performing
   *       work for. This may not be the same as the user name that was used in establishing the
   *       connection.
   *   <li>ClientHostname - The hostname of the computer the application using the connection is
   *       running on.
   * </ul>
   *
   * @param name The name of the client info property to set
   * @param value The value to set the client info property to. If the value is null, the current
   *     value of the specified property is cleared.
   * @throws SQLClientInfoException if the database server returns an error while setting the client
   *     info value on the database server or this method is called on a closed connection
   * @since 1.6
   */
  public void setClientInfo(final String name, final String value) throws SQLClientInfoException {
    checkClientClose(name);
    checkClientReconnect(name);
    checkClientValidProperty(name);

    try {
      Statement statement = createStatement();
      statement.execute(buildClientQuery(name, value));
    } catch (SQLException sqle) {
      Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> failures = new HashMap<>();
      failures.put(name, ClientInfoStatus.REASON_UNKNOWN);
      throw new SQLClientInfoException("unexpected error during setClientInfo", failures, sqle);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns a list containing the name and current value of each client info property supported by
   * the driver. The value of a client info property may be null if the property has not been set
   * and does not have a default value.
   *
   * @return A <code>Properties</code> object that contains the name and current value of each of
   *     the client info properties supported by the driver.
   * @throws SQLException if the database server returns an error when fetching the client info
   *     values from the database or this method is called on a closed connection
   */
  public Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException {
    checkConnection();
    Properties properties = new Properties();
    try (Statement statement = createStatement()) {
      try (ResultSet rs =
          statement.executeQuery("SELECT @ApplicationName, @ClientUser, @ClientHostname")) {
        if (rs.next()) {
          if (rs.getString(1) != null) {
            properties.setProperty("ApplicationName", rs.getString(1));
          }
          if (rs.getString(2) != null) {
            properties.setProperty("ClientUser", rs.getString(2));
          }
          if (rs.getString(3) != null) {
            properties.setProperty("ClientHostname", rs.getString(3));
          }
          return properties;
        }
      }
    }
    properties.setProperty("ApplicationName", null);
    properties.setProperty("ClientUser", null);
    properties.setProperty("ClientHostname", null);
    return properties;
  }

  /**
   * Sets the value of the connection's client info properties. The <code>Properties</code> object
   * contains the names and values of the client info properties to be set. The set of client info
   * properties contained in the properties list replaces the current set of client info properties
   * on the connection. If a property that is currently set on the connection is not present in the
   * properties list, that property is cleared. Specifying an empty properties list will clear all
   * of the properties on the connection. See <code>setClientInfo (String, String)</code> for more
   * information.
   *
   * <p>If an error occurs in setting any of the client info properties, a <code>
   * SQLClientInfoException</code> is thrown. The <code>SQLClientInfoException</code> contains
   * information indicating which client info properties were not set. The state of the client
   * information is unknown because some databases do not allow multiple client info properties to
   * be set atomically. For those databases, one or more properties may have been set before the
   * error occurred.
   *
   * @param properties the list of client info properties to set
   * @throws SQLClientInfoException if the database server returns an error while setting the
   *     clientInfo values on the database server or this method is called on a closed connection
   * @see Connection#setClientInfo(String, String) setClientInfo(String, String)
   * @since 1.6
   */
  public void setClientInfo(final Properties properties) throws SQLClientInfoException {
    Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> propertiesExceptions = new HashMap<>();
    for (String name : new String[] {"ApplicationName", "ClientUser", "ClientHostname"}) {
      try {
        setClientInfo(name, properties.getProperty(name));
      } catch (SQLClientInfoException e) {
        propertiesExceptions.putAll(e.getFailedProperties());
      }
    }

    if (!propertiesExceptions.isEmpty()) {
      String errorMsg =
          "setClientInfo errors : the following properties where not set : "
              + propertiesExceptions.keySet();
      throw new SQLClientInfoException(errorMsg, propertiesExceptions);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the value of the client info property specified by name. This method may return null if
   * the specified client info property has not been set and does not have a default value. This
   * method will also return null if the specified client info property name is not supported by the
   * driver. Applications may use the <code>DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties</code> method
   * to determine the client info properties supported by the driver.
   *
   * @param name The name of the client info property to retrieve
   * @return The value of the client info property specified
   * @throws SQLException if the database server returns an error when fetching the client info
   *     value from the database or this method is called on a closed connection
   * @see DatabaseMetaData#getClientInfoProperties
   * @since 1.6
   */
  public String getClientInfo(final String name) throws SQLException {
    checkConnection();
    if (!"ApplicationName".equals(name)
        && !"ClientUser".equals(name)
        && !"ClientHostname".equals(name)) {
      throw new SQLException(
          "name must be \"ApplicationName\", \"ClientUser\" or \"ClientHostname\", but was \""
              + name
              + "\"");
    }
    try (Statement statement = createStatement()) {
      try (ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery("SELECT @" + name)) {
        if (rs.next()) {
          return rs.getString(1);
        }
      }
    }
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * Factory method for creating Array objects. <b>Note: </b>When <code>createArrayOf</code> is used
   * to create an array object that maps to a primitive data type, then it is implementation-defined
   * whether the <code>Array</code> object is an array of that primitive data type or an array of
   * <code>Object</code>. <b>Note: </b>The JDBC driver is responsible for mapping the elements
   * <code>Object</code> array to the default JDBC SQL type defined in java.sql.Types for the given
   * class of <code>Object</code>. The default mapping is specified in Appendix B of the JDBC
   * specification. If the resulting JDBC type is not the appropriate type for the given typeName
   * then it is implementation defined whether an <code>SQLException</code> is thrown or the driver
   * supports the resulting conversion.
   *
   * @param typeName the SQL name of the type the elements of the array map to. The typeName is a
   *     database-specific name which may be the name of a built-in type, a user-defined type or a
   *     standard SQL type supported by this database. This is the value returned by <code>
   *     Array.getBaseTypeName</code>
   * @param elements the elements that populate the returned object
   * @return an Array object whose elements map to the specified SQL type
   * @throws SQLException if a database error occurs, the JDBC type is not appropriate for the
   *     typeName and the conversion is not supported, the typeName is null or this method is called
   *     on a closed connection
   */
  public Array createArrayOf(final String typeName, final Object[] elements) throws SQLException {
    throw exceptionFactory.notSupported("Array type is not supported");
  }

  /**
   * Factory method for creating Struct objects.
   *
   * @param typeName the SQL type name of the SQL structured type that this <code>Struct</code>
   *     object maps to. The typeName is the name of a user-defined type that has been defined for
   *     this database. It is the value returned by <code>Struct.getSQLTypeName</code>.
   * @param attributes the attributes that populate the returned object
   * @return a Struct object that maps to the given SQL type and is populated with the given
   *     attributes
   * @throws SQLException if a database error occurs, the typeName is null or this method is called
   *     on a closed connection
   */
  public Struct createStruct(final String typeName, final Object[] attributes) throws SQLException {
    throw exceptionFactory.notSupported("Struct type is not supported");
  }

  /**
   * Returns an object that implements the given interface to allow access to non-standard methods,
   * or standard methods not exposed by the proxy. If the receiver implements the interface then the
   * result is the receiver or a proxy for the receiver. If the receiver is a wrapper and the
   * wrapped object implements the interface then the result is the wrapped object or a proxy for
   * the wrapped object. Otherwise return the the result of calling <code>unwrap</code> recursively
   * on the wrapped object or a proxy for that result. If the receiver is not a wrapper and does not
   * implement the interface, then an <code>SQLException</code> is thrown.
   *
   * @param iface A Class defining an interface that the result must implement.
   * @return an object that implements the interface. May be a proxy for the actual implementing
   *     object.
   * @throws SQLException If no object found that implements the interface
   * @since 1.6
   */
  public <T> T unwrap(final Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
    try {
      if (isWrapperFor(iface)) {
        return iface.cast(this);
      } else {
        throw new SQLException("The receiver is not a wrapper for " + iface.getName());
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new SQLException("The receiver is not a wrapper and does not implement the interface");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if this either implements the interface argument or is directly or indirectly a
   * wrapper for an object that does. Returns false otherwise. If this implements the interface then
   * return true, else if this is a wrapper then return the result of recursively calling <code>
   * isWrapperFor</code> on the wrapped object. If this does not implement the interface and is not
   * a wrapper, return false. This method should be implemented as a low-cost operation compared to
   * <code>unwrap</code> so that callers can use this method to avoid expensive <code>unwrap</code>
   * calls that may fail. If this method returns true then calling <code>unwrap</code> with the same
   * argument should succeed.
   *
   * @param iface a Class defining an interface.
   * @return true if this implements the interface or directly or indirectly wraps an object that
   *     does.
   * @since 1.6
   */
  public boolean isWrapperFor(final Class<?> iface) {
    return iface.isInstance(this);
  }

  /**
   * returns the username for the connection.
   *
   * @return the username.
   */
  @Deprecated
  public String getUsername() {
    return protocol.getUsername();
  }

  /**
   * returns the hostname for the connection.
   *
   * @return the hostname.
   */
  @Deprecated
  public String getHostname() {
    return protocol.getHost();
  }

  /**
   * returns the port for the connection.
   *
   * @return the port
   */
  @Deprecated
  public int getPort() {
    return protocol.getPort();
  }

  protected boolean getPinGlobalTxToPhysicalConnection() {
    return protocol.getPinGlobalTxToPhysicalConnection();
  }

  /** If failover is not activated, will close connection when a connection error occur. */
  public void setHostFailed() {
    if (protocol.getProxy() == null) {
      protocol.setHostFailedWithoutProxy();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Are table case sensitive or not . Default Value: 0 (Unix), 1 (Windows), 2 (Mac OS X). If set to
   * 0 (the default on Unix-based systems), table names and aliases and database names are compared
   * in a case-sensitive manner. If set to 1 (the default on Windows), names are stored in lowercase
   * and not compared in a case-sensitive manner. If set to 2 (the default on Mac OS X), names are
   * stored as declared, but compared in lowercase.
   *
   * @return int value.
   * @throws SQLException if a connection error occur
   */
  public int getLowercaseTableNames() throws SQLException {
    if (lowercaseTableNames == -1) {
      try (Statement st = createStatement()) {
        try (ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select @@lower_case_table_names")) {
          rs.next();
          lowercaseTableNames = rs.getInt(1);
        }
      }
    }
    return lowercaseTableNames;
  }

  /**
   * Abort connection.
   *
   * @param executor executor
   * @throws SQLException if security manager doesn't permit it.
   */
  public void abort(Executor executor) throws SQLException {
    if (this.isClosed()) {
      return;
    }

    SQLPermission sqlPermission = new SQLPermission("callAbort");
    SecurityManager securityManager = System.getSecurityManager();
    if (securityManager != null) {
      securityManager.checkPermission(sqlPermission);
    }
    if (executor == null) {
      throw exceptionFactory.create("Cannot abort the connection: null executor passed");
    }

    executor.execute(protocol::abort);
  }

  /**
   * Get network timeout.
   *
   * @return timeout
   * @throws SQLException if database socket error occur
   */
  public int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException {
    return this.protocol.getTimeout();
  }

  public String getSchema() {
    // We support only catalog
    return null;
  }

  public void setSchema(String arg0) {
    // We support only catalog, and JDBC indicate "If the driver does not support schemas, it will
    // silently ignore this request."
  }

  /**
   * Change network timeout.
   *
   * @param executor executor (can be null)
   * @param milliseconds network timeout in milliseconds.
   * @throws SQLException if security manager doesn't permit it.
   */
  public void setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor, final int milliseconds) throws SQLException {
    if (this.isClosed()) {
      throw exceptionFactory.create(
          "Connection.setNetworkTimeout cannot be called on a closed connection");
    }
    if (milliseconds < 0) {
      throw exceptionFactory.create(
          "Connection.setNetworkTimeout cannot be called with a negative timeout");
    }
    SQLPermission sqlPermission = new SQLPermission("setNetworkTimeout");
    SecurityManager securityManager = System.getSecurityManager();
    if (securityManager != null) {
      securityManager.checkPermission(sqlPermission);
    }
    try {
      stateFlag |= ConnectionState.STATE_NETWORK_TIMEOUT;
      protocol.setTimeout(milliseconds);
    } catch (SocketException se) {
      throw exceptionFactory.create("Cannot set the network timeout", se);
    }
  }

  public long getServerThreadId() {
    return protocol.getServerThreadId();
  }

  public boolean canUseServerTimeout() {
    return canUseServerTimeout;
  }

  public void setDefaultTransactionIsolation(int defaultTransactionIsolation) {
    this.defaultTransactionIsolation = defaultTransactionIsolation;
  }

  /**
   * Reset connection set has it was after creating a "fresh" new connection.
   * defaultTransactionIsolation must have been initialized.
   *
   * <p>BUT : - session variable state are reset only if option useResetConnection is set and - if
   * using the option "useServerPrepStmts", PREPARE statement are still prepared
   *
   * @throws SQLException if resetting operation failed
   */
  public void reset() throws SQLException {
    // COM_RESET_CONNECTION exist since mysql 5.7.3 and mariadb 10.2.4
    // but not possible to use it with mysql waiting for https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=97633
    // correction.
    // and mariadb only since https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-18281
    boolean useComReset =
        options.useResetConnection
            && protocol.isServerMariaDb()
            && (protocol.versionGreaterOrEqual(10, 3, 13)
                || (protocol.getMajorServerVersion() == 10
                    && protocol.getMinorServerVersion() == 2
                    && protocol.versionGreaterOrEqual(10, 2, 22)));

    if (useComReset) {
      protocol.reset();
    }

    if (stateFlag != 0) {

      try {

        if ((stateFlag & ConnectionState.STATE_NETWORK_TIMEOUT) != 0) {
          setNetworkTimeout(null, options.socketTimeout);
        }

        if ((stateFlag & ConnectionState.STATE_AUTOCOMMIT) != 0) {
          setAutoCommit(options.autocommit);
        }

        if ((stateFlag & ConnectionState.STATE_DATABASE) != 0) {
          protocol.resetDatabase();
        }

        if ((stateFlag & ConnectionState.STATE_READ_ONLY) != 0) {
          setReadOnly(false); // default to master connection
        }

        // COM_RESET_CONNECTION reset transaction isolation
        if (!useComReset && (stateFlag & ConnectionState.STATE_TRANSACTION_ISOLATION) != 0) {
          setTransactionIsolation(defaultTransactionIsolation);
        }

        stateFlag = 0;

      } catch (SQLException sqle) {
        throw exceptionFactory.create("error resetting connection");
      }
    }

    warningsCleared = true;
  }

  public boolean includeDeadLockInfo() {
    return options.includeInnodbStatusInDeadlockExceptions;
  }

  public boolean includeThreadsTraces() {
    return options.includeThreadDumpInDeadlockExceptions;
  }
}
